Cultural Experiences And Ideas That Can Be Represented By...

Reflecting on oneself and identifying different characteristics that make us stand out in our community plays an important role in how one views their community. Ethnography is all about the study of human behavior within a culture and that is exactly what people do when they recognize the differences between communities and cultures. After a person is able to recognize where they see themselves in society then they are able to distinguish the different cultures that surround them. When talking about ethnography, media ethnography also needs to be discussed. The definition of ethnography has already been stated and media ethnography elaborates on the definition. There is a strong correlation when thinking about the importance of†¦show more content†¦Due to self-ethnography having the main focus be on personal experience, it matters because it allows for people to reflect on their past cultural experiences. Only by focusing on one’s own background of cultural expe rience will it allow for them to understand another person’s background. Self-ethnography can affect a person’s perception of other cultures backgrounds and experiences as well as their own and because of this fact self-ethnography is important. Values play a major role in how I live my life and they are extremely important to who I am as a person. Many of the values I have come from experiences I have encountered, things I have read, or just personal intuition. Some values that I have are compassion, equality, honesty, justice, and openness. All of these values play are extremely important to me and all of them in different ways. Compassion plays a role in my life because I believe that when people are able to sympathize with others and be there for the in their time of need then they can grow as a person. I always try to show compassion to people even if I don’t agree with certain things about them. Equality is one of the most important values that I have and as I have gotten older the word has changed in meaning for me. When I was younger I never fully understood what the word equality meant, but with the growth of several different activist groups, I have come to understand that the meaning behind the word is changing. Honesty

Animal Testing Should Be Banned - 847 Words

Protesting has been going around the world for many of years. Throughout many years of people boycotted agents a situation they believe, if a wrong or right. One of the biggest areas on where people gather around and protest is when they’re fighting agents animals testing. As well as the years has pasted on protesting on animals, it became more sires in increased in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Many cosmetics companies been testing on animals throughout the years there is also many that have not. The cosmetics line LUSH has been fighting over animals testing for over thirty years and will continue to fight for their right according to the company. When LUSH had first started the company had divided they didn t ever wanted to test their product on animal. Not only fighting agents animals testing LUSH is also ego friendly; everything they use its plants, oil, and recycle. Since LUSH having to be agents animal testing, policies had created to work with the companies of co smetics to end the cruelty of animals. The LUSH company say â€Å" This can be done without animal testing †¦Ã¢â‚¬  and it true. LUSH is a company that all there product dills with ones skin to make them fell and look beautiful. If LUSH can test their products other than animals and still make your still looking good then, other cosmetics companies can do the same. In May 11, 2011 PETA have came out with an article tilled â€Å"Top Five Reason to Stop Animal Testing†. What they explain in this article is the reason on why itsShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned880 Words   |  4 Pagesdepending on animals testing. Therefore, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. Those animals have the right to live, according to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals; the other opinion, supports the idea of animal testing as the important part of the source of what has reached medicine of the results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year huge numbers of animals a re sacrificed for the science all these animals, whetherRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned776 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Should be Banned  ¨Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisioned and abused in US labs every year ¨ ( ¨11 Facts About Animal Testing ¨). Imagine if that was someones animal getting tortured in labs just to test things such as beauty products and perfume. Animal testing was first suggested when,  ¨Charles Darwin evolutionary theory in the mid 1850s also served to suggest that animals could serve as effective models to facilitate biological understanding in humans ¨ (Murnaghan)Read MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned940 Words   |  4 Pages1). Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in US labs every year. 2). 92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials. (DoSomething â€Å"11 Facts About Animal Testing†). There are currently no laws combating the testing of cosmetics on animals, but the practice is harmful and must be ended. As evidenced by the statistics above, millions of animals are tortured and murdered in the United States every year for virtually no reasonRead MoreShould Animal Testing Be Banned?1665 Words   |  7 PagesTesting Cosmetics on Animals Companies around the world use animals to test cosmetics. Animals, such as rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, and mice, are used to test the effects of chemicals on the eyes and skin. While animal testing is not mandatory, many companies use it. About Cosmetics Animal Testing by the Humane Society International talks about the different options companies have that do not require the cruel use and eventual death of animals. The article also talks about the overallRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1572 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Testing Every year, over two hundred million innocent animals are injured or killed in scientific experiments across the world. Of those animals, between seventeen and twenty million are used in the United States alone. It is said that an animal dies in a laboratory every three seconds (Animal Testing 101). Those in favor of animal experimentation say they are taking animals’ lives to save humans. It is not necessary to subject animals to torturous conditions or painful experiments in theRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is being used by different organizations all over the world to prevent specific diseases, especially cancer. Americans see animal testing having a harmful effect but it is one of the main reasons why society has most cures for some illnesses. This topic is important because people need to know what goes on during animal testing and why it is very beneficial. Animal testing needs to be used to find all cures. Some ani mals such as chimps/ monkeys have 90% of the same DNA humans haveRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable forRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1364 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefit. Using animals for these experimentations usually does not come to mind. Animals are often abused, suffer, and even die during laboratory testing for the benefits of people to make sure medications, household products, newest procedures, and cosmetics are safe and effective for human use. Humans have benefited from animal testing for years while these animals suffer consequences with no positive outcomes for themselves. Even if a product or procedure is deemed successful, these animals are frequentlyRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing Should Be Banned Throughout the decades, animals have been used in medical research to test the safety of cosmetics including makeup, hair products, soaps, perfume, and countless of other products. Animals have also been used to test antibiotics and other medicines to eliminate any potential risks that they could cause to humans. The number of animals worldwide that are used in laboratory experiments yearly exceeds 115 million animals. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of

Atrribute of God Essay Example For Students

Atrribute of God Essay Truth an Attribute of GodThe definition of truth according to Websters is conformity to fact or actuality, reality, actuality. Ryrie defines truth as agreement to that which is represented it includes veracity, faithfulness, and consistency. To say that God is true is to say that he is consistent with himself. He is all that he should be; he has revealed himself as he really is. His revelations are completely reliable. For man to understand that truth is knowable to him and life does make sense, he should first understand that all truth is known to God regardless of if it is found in the Bible or other sources. Therefore, it should be called Gods truth because Colossians 2:3b says, are hid all treasures of wisdom and knowledge. People think that God has hid his truth from them, making it inaccessible to man so they cannot understand Gods truth. Men do not practice good exegesis when the word hid is taken out of context and means, to some people, that God is hiding his truth from them. I think that Paul is trying to say that the truth about Christ is the focal center to which all other truth about everything in creation is connected. That is to say, God is truth. We are totally dependent upon God to know truth because God is the creator of all things. He is our source for knowledge. God revealed both grace and truth to us by incarnating himself. Truth is unchanging and universal; it is not relative but is absolute. (Holmes 8)The Old Testament term for truth is emeth. This is primarily ethical rather epistemological term. Truth depends on unchanging reality, is personal, cannot change, and remains the same for every time and place in creation. It is absolute. To say these things is to say that Gods knowledge is complete and perfectly true. Truth is the implication that God exist. So one cannot believe in truth and believe that God is non-existence. We need a renewed commitment to the truth as found in the Scriptures and as summarized in theological and doctrinal propositions. (Phillips 26)When Pilate ask the question what is truth, the Lord answered this in the upper room when he said I am the way the truth and the life. No one should deny to Christ a personal identification with truth. Before we say we hold Christ and the Bible as central to education, we need to do some serious thinking about Gods Truth. Every word that Christ spoke and every act he performed depend solely on his identification with affirmation. God came to this earth to teach men and minister to their needs. He then died for them. This influence should outweigh all the philosophers ideas and writings about Christ. For this act, men should see once and for all his truth. (Gaebelein 19)Truth also compromises finite things. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra says in The Adventures of Don Quixote, Where the truth is, in so far as it is truth, there God is. Those of us who proclaim the Bible and God as wholly undeniable truth must always use proper exegesis when preaching sermons or quoting from the Bible. In Revelation 19:11, the Bible has an unmistakable emphasis on truth. John says, And I saw heaven opened, and behold a white horse; and he that sat upon him was called Faithful and True. We can look also in Psalms 19 to see more evidence of Gods truth. Verses 1 thru 6 tell of heaven, firmament, day, night, and the sun, and verses 7 thru 14 tell of Gods written word. We can see evidence of Gods truth in many aspects of our daily lives and cultures such as religion, education, music, literature, art, architecture, humanitarian and philanthropic movements. How could someone ever really begin to stop trying to evaluate the evidences of Gods truth? The phrase, God is Truth is found in the Bible 23 times. The first time is in Deuteronomy 32:4 when it says, He is the Rock, his work is perfect: for all his ways are judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is he. The Bible tells of Gods truth .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a , .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a .postImageUrl , .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a , .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a:hover , .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a:visited , .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a:active { border:0!important; } .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a:active , .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u84f5f42fc88ce08eb781a304c6630f1a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Are recovered memories from child abuse reliable Essay

The Educational Theory of Lev Vygotsky Essay Example

The Educational Theory of Lev Vygotsky Paper Born in Czarist Russia in 1896, Lev Vygotsky lived a relatively short life, dying of tuberculosis in 1934. Because he was Jewish, the law limited his higher education options. He was, however, one of the 5% maximum of Jews permitted admission to a university. He was, however, not permitted to fulfill his ambition to pursue training as a teacher. In consequence, between the years of 1913 and 1917, Vygotsky studied medicine, philosophy, history, and law. [1] Vygotsky began teaching in his home city almost immediately after the 1917 Communist Revolution. However, he was disappointed if he anticipated that this upheaval would result in greater overall freedom. The ascension of Joseph Stalin to power in 1922 meant that all of Vygotskys scholarly work was to be accomplished in an ever more repressive police state. Vygotskys investigations of child development and educational psychology were influenced by his own Marxism – a philosophy that emphasizes the importance of ones social origins and place in the scheme of production. [2] Vygotskys works, consisting of more than one hundred books and articles, were not published until after his death in 1934. Just two years later they were suppressed. This suppression endured for two decades during which time his works were held in a secret library that could only be accessed by permission of the Peoples Commissariat for Internal Affairs — commonly known as the NKVD. [3] Despite this prolonged attempt to suppress his ideas, Vygotskys work survived and, particularly after the Cold War, came to wield considerable influence in the field of educational psychology. [4] I. Theory of Value: What knowledge and skills are worthwhile learning? We will write a custom essay sample on The Educational Theory of Lev Vygotsky specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Educational Theory of Lev Vygotsky specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Educational Theory of Lev Vygotsky specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What are the goals of education? Vygotskys stresses the importance of looking at each child as an individual who learns distinctively. Consequently, the knowledge and skills that are worthwhile learning varies with the individual. The overall goal of education according to Vygotsky is to generate and lead development which is the result of social learning through internalization of culture and social relationships. [5] He repeatedly stressed the importance of past experiences and prior knowledge in making sense of new situations or present experiences. Therefore, all new knowledge and newly introduced skills are greatly influenced by each students culture, especially their family environment. Language skills are particularly critical for creating meaning and linking new ideas to past experiences and prior knowledge. According to Vygotsky, internalized skills or psychological tools are used to gain mastery over ones own behavior and cognition. [7] Primary among these tools is the development of speech and its relation to thought. [8] Vygotsky maintained that language plays a central role in cognitive development. He argued that language was the tool for determining the ways a child learns how to think. That is because complex concepts are conveyed to the child through words. Learning, according to Vygotsky, always involves some type of external experience being transformed into internal processes through the use of language. [9] It follows that speech and language are the primary tools used to communicate with others, promoting learning. Vygotsky promoted the development of higher level thinking and problem solving in education. If situations are designed to have students utilize critical thinking skills, their thought processes are being challenged and new knowledge gained. [10] The knowledge achieved through experience also serves as a foundation for the behaviors of every individual. [11] II. Theory of Knowledge: What is knowledge? How is it different from belief? What is a mistake? A lie? According to Davydov and Kerr, it was a momentous occasion in the history of psychology when Vygotsky asserted specific functions are not given to a person at birth but are only provided as cultural and social patterns. [12] Vygotsky saw intellectual abilities as being much more specific to the culture in which the child was reared. [13] Through observation and study Vygotsky came to understand that people adapted to their surrounding environment based on their interpretations and individual perceptions of it. [14] Thus, humans are not born with knowledge nor is knowledge independent of social context. Rather, one gains knowledge as one develops by way of social interactions with peers and adults. Vygotsky does not make as drastic a distinction between knowledge and belief as some other heorists do. For him, knowledge is obtained through past experiences, social situations, as well as ones general environment. In similar manner, beliefs are instilled into an individual via culture and parental upbringing. Mistakes are crucial in Vygotskys theory of learning. In the course of development, mistakes are made during the process of concept formation. They are important in that they impact future learning. [15] From Vygotskys perspective, A concept emerges and takes shape in the course of a complex interaction aimed at the solution of a problem [A] concept is n active part of the intellectual process. [16] We see, then that, for Vygotsky, concept formation is a dynamic, ever-changing activity during which the child relies on their own perception to make sense of objects that appear to them to be unrelated the child creates his or her own subjective relationships between objects and then mistakes his or her egocentric perspective for reality. [17] This stage of development is known, paradoxically, as incoherent coherence. [18] During this stage, the making of mistakes is an integral part of a childs development. Also at this time, the childs organization schema becomes less egocentric and begin to incorporate additional information gained from experience into his or her thought processes. [19] In this way, mistakes can be corrected and new knowledge gained. Therefore mistakes are developmentally necessary, resulting from the role of social interaction in transformation of prior knowledge. [20] Tentatively one might infer that Vygotsky would view a lie as something that occurs as a result of the desire to conform to social norms. For example one might feel one way but report a more socially acceptable reality. III. Theory of Human Nature: What is a human being? How does it differ from other species? What are the limits of human potential? According to Marxist theory, The essence of man is no abstraction inherent in each single individual. In its reality it is the ensemble of the social relations. [21] Vygotsky would agree that we develop as humans through the ways we interact with those around us. His view of human nature fits with his Marxist ideology. Human beings can only be understood within the context the time period and the part of the world in which they live. Human nature cannot be understood as never-changing and universal, but as always depending on its specific social and historical formation. This principle does not leave out biological factors. [22] To be human, however, means that you have surpassed a level of functioning that your biological traits would otherwise dictate. [23] Although some animals have the ability to create and use material tools, humans have the ability to utilize psychological tools. In other words, human beings are differentiated by their ability to develop psychological tools that are used to gain mastery over ones own behavior and cognition[24] that other forms of life are not capable of developing. Some psychological tools include: language, different forms of numeration and counting, mnemotechniques, algebraic symbolism, works of art, writing, schemes, diagrams, maps, blueprints, etc. [25] In his theories, Vygotsky placed great emphasis on the importance of spoken language, arguably the most critical tool that sets us apart from other species. He asserts that speech is a very powerful psychological tool that lays the foundation for basic structures of thinking later in ones development. [26] Vygotsky further explains that speech is the first psychological tool used by children to communicate with others who share the environment. Naturally, this is continued through adulthood, as speech is a primary tool used for learning. Vygotsky insists that humans learn best in cooperation with other humans. [27] Vygotsky contended that, unlike animals who react only to the environment, humans have the capacity to alter the environment for their own purposes. It is this adaptive capacity that distinguishes humans from lower forms of life. The animal can only be trained. It can only acquire new habits. It can through exercises and combinations perfect its intellect, but is not capable of mental development through instruction in the real sense of the word. [28] Vygotskys concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) posits that human potential is theoretically limitless; but the practical limits of human potential depend upon quality social interactions and residential environment. This zone of proximal development is the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers. [29] In theory, then, so long as a person has access to a more capable peer, any problem can be solved. IV. Theory of Learning: What is learning? How are skills and knowledge acquired? According to Piaget, learning is what results from both mental and physical maturation plus experience. 30] That is, development preceded learning. In contrast Vygotsky observed that learning processes lead development. [31] Vygotsky maintained that learning is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of developing culturally organized, specifically human, psychological functions. [32] In other words, learning is what leads to the development of higher order thinking. According to Vygotsky the two primary means of learning occur through social interaction and language. Language greatly enhances humans ability to engage in social interactions and share their experiences. The most important fact uncovered through the study of thought and speech is that their relationship undergoes many changes. [33] Initially, a childs new knowledge is interpsychological, meaning it is learned through interaction with others, on the social level. [34] Later, this same knowledge becomes intrapsychological, meaning inside the child, and the new knowledge or skill is mastered on an individual level. [35] The previously mentioned idea of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) is central to Vygotskys view on how learning takes place. He described this zone as, the distance between the actual development level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers. [36] Vygotsky maintained that learning occurs just above the students current level of competence. [37] It follows then, that the copying student will have a higher performance when working with a more capable student. The zone of proximal development works in conjunction with the use of scaffolding. Scaffolding is a six-step approach to assisting learning and development of individuals within their zone of proximal development. [38] Knowledge, skills and prior experiences, which come from an individuals general knowledge, create the foundation of scaffolding for potential development. At this stage, students interact with adults and/or peers to accomplish a task which could possibly not be completed independently. The use of language and shared experience is essential to successfully implementing scaffolding as a learning tool. 39] V. Theory of Transmission: Who is to teach? By what methods? What will the curriculum be? Vygotsky defined those who are to teach as the More Knowledgeable Other. The MKO is anyone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, particularly in regards to a specific task, concept or process. [40] Traditionally the MKO is thought of as a teacher or an older adult. However, this is not always the case. Other possibilities for the MKO could be a peer, sibling, a younger person, or even a computer. The key to MKO is that they must have more knowledge about the topic being learned than the learner does. [41] Teachers or more capable peers can raise the students competence through the zone of proximal development (ZPD). Vygotskys findings suggest methodological procedures for the classroom. In Vygotskian perspective, the ideal role of the teacher is that of providing scaffolding (collaborative dialogue) to assist students on tasks within their zones of proximal development. [42] During scaffolding the first step is to build interest and engage the learner. Once the learner is actively participating, the given task should be simplified by breaking it into smaller subtasks. During this task, the teacher needs to keep the learner focused, while concentrating on the most important ideas of the assignment. One of the most integral steps in scaffolding consists of keeping the learner from becoming frustrated. The final task associated with scaffolding involves the teacher modeling possible ways of completing tasks, which the learner can then imitate and eventually internalize. Vygotsky recommended a social context wherein a more competent learner would be paired with a less competent one, so that the former can elevate the latters competence. This social context promotes sustained achievement and cognitive growth for less competent students. [44] Accordingly, students need to work together to construct their learning, teach each other so to speak, in a socio-cultural environment. In-class opportunities for collaboration on difficult problem-solving tasks will offer support to students who are struggling with the material. By interacting with more capable students who continue to mediate transactions between the struggling students and the content, all students will benefit. [45] The implications of Vygotskys theories and observations for educators are several and significant. In Vygotskys view, the teacher has the collaborative task of guiding and directing the childs activity. [46] Children can then solve novel problems on the basis of a model he [sic] has been shown in class. [47] In other words, children learn by solving problems with the help of the teacher, who models processes for them and his or her eers, in a classroom environment that is directed by the teacher. In essence, the child imitates the teacher through a process of re-creating previous classroom collaboration. [48] It is important to note that the teacher does not control the class with rule and structure; rather, the teacher collaborates with the students and provides support and direction. [49] Assignments and activities that can be accurately completed by a student without assistance, indicate that the student has previously mastered the necessary prior knowledge. In the majority of classrooms this would be the conclusion of a unit; however, this is Vygotskys entry point. However, as previously mentioned, the teacher must carefully group the student that can potentially develop in collaboration with a more capable person. [50] In our research, we found limited references to Vygotskys specific views on curriculum content. One exception involves the teaching of writing to preschoolers. According to Garton and Pratt, Vygotsky argued for shifting the teaching of writing to preschool. They explain that Vygotsky differentiated between two forms of speech: spoken and written. Vygotsky, as cited by Garton and Pratt, asserts that a child develops an understanding that spoken speech can be symbolized in writing by progressing from drawing things to drawing speech. [51] Vygotsky suggested then that the preschool curriculum should be designed so that it was organized to ease childs transition from drawing things to drawing speech. [52] Learning to master tools and technologies should also be included in the curriculum. Students should be taught how to use tools such as the computer, resource books, and graphs in order to better utilize these tools in the future. [53] In this way, students will benefit as these tools and technologies influence the individuals thinking (along with the development of language). [54] In sum, Vygotskys findings suggest that the curriculum should generally challenge and stretch learners competence. [55] The curriculum should provide many opportunities to apply previous skills, knowledge and experiences, with authentic activities connected to real-life environment. [56] Since children learn much through interaction, curricula should be designed to emphasize interaction between learners and learning tasks. [57] VI. Theory of Society: What is society? What institutions are involved in the educational process? According to Vygotsky, society is the bearer of the cultural heritage without which the development of mind is impossible. [58] This society allows the learner to develop cognitively through social interactions. As a result, the use of language makes it possible for a child to communicate and share the environment from within their society. Every function in the childs cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological). [59] Perhaps Vygotsky was comfortable generalizing about society in this way because he was living in post-revolutionary times. The revolution had been accomplished in Russia, and the New Soviet Man, was emerging in the Soviet Union, and the dictatorship of the proletariat was at hand. So far as the institutions involved in the educational process are concerned, Moll reports that Vygotsky considered school the best laboratory of human psychology. [60] He noted: At first glace, it may be easily seen that no special educational environment is needed, that education may be accomplished in any environment whatsoever. It is not very hard to conclude that no sort of artificial educational environment has to be created, that life educates better than any school. This view is wrong, however. [61] For Vygotsky, society (and therefore social interaction) happens in schools. Schools are incorporated into the larger society and have that as their context, so that some of their activity settings are determined by this larger contextuality. [62] For Vygotsky the classroom is also a social organization that is representative of the larger social community it is the social organization that is the agent for change in the individual. [63] Fhis statement was not meant to imply that informal education was not important. [64] Rather, as we stated before, for Vygotsky informal education is used by children through speech and language to develop higher mental functions. He stressed that childrens learning begins long before they attend school. Any learning a child encounters in school always has a previous history. [65] VII. Theory of Opportunity: Who is to be educated? Who is to be schooled? Vygotsky repeatedly asserts that it is within the social environment that learning takes place. Since no individual is able to escape their social surroundings, all within a society are inadvertently being educated.

Chromotography Experiment for Chemistry

Chromotography Experiment for Chemistry Free Online Research Papers Purpose / Objective: The purpose of chromatography is to separate small amounts of dissolved solids. In this experiment it used to separate the dyes in food coloring. Materials:  · Ruler to measure the 2 cm from the bottom of paper and to help draw a straight line.  · Pencil to draw the line.  · Water to put in the beaker hence to soak in the chromatography paper to separate the dyes in the food coloring.  · Beaker to put in the water and the chromatography paper.  · Food Coloring to be separated  · Capillary Tube to put small dots of food coloring on the chromatography paper.  · Chromatography Paper to put the dots of food coloring on. To let the water soak up it to separate the dyes in the food coloring. To get the final result.  · Scissors to cut the chromatography paper to fit upright in the beaker. Procedure:  · We got a chromatography paper and drew a pencil line 2cm from the bottom.  · We drew four x’s on that line.  · Then we got a capillary tube and on each of the x’s we put a dot of food coloring.  · On the four x’s we put four colors. Blue, red, green, and a mixture.  · Then we got a beaker and placed the chromatography paper inside it after cutting it to fit in, and placed less than 2cm of water in the beaker.  · We left the water to soak up until near the top.  · We took the chromatography paper out and left it to dry. Data collection: After the chromatography paper dried we looked at our results:  · The blue food coloring was a mixture of blue and red.  · The red food coloring was just red.  · The green was mixture of yellow and blue.  · The mixture was a mixture of red and blue. Conclusion: After finishing this experiment I realized that the red food coloring was a substance unlike all the others which contained different dyes. Research Papers on Chromotography Experiment for ChemistryLifes What IfsThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Hockey GameAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementGenetic EngineeringEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationResearch Process Part OneAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Free Essays on Future Of Aviation In India

Future of Aviation Industry in India More than half a century has gone, when JRD Tata first took off in his own airplane. He added a new chapter in the Indian history. This was the beginning of aviation industry in India. But very soon the government took over his aviation company, and thus that nationalized company was named, Indian Airlines. Almost the next fifty years no competition was to follow for the Indian Airlines, as it remained the only airline company in India. But in the last decade and a half or so, things changed. A handful of airline companies came into existence, some backed by big business houses, and some being collaboration between international airline giants and local business houses. Some of these companies were not a success story and had to shut down operations. Besides this limited competition the growth of this industry has been more or less a linear one. After 1992, Indian Economy has witnessed a sea change. The first success story being IT industry, then the more recent one being Telecom industry. Then the crossover of Indian companies to international standards, and making their presence felt at the international level. But probably the most dramatic and visible change is yet to come. Aviation industry is going to witness an exponential growth in next five to ten years. It is heading towards north, and will keep doing so for a long time to come. India today is the most happening place, in terms of foreign investment. All big companies want to have their presence in India. More than half of the Fortune 500 companies have their offices in Bangalore city, which speaks for itself. With the pouring of all these big MNCs, and crossover of Indian companies to international standards, to find a person earning more than Rs. 50,000/- a month is not a big deal anymore. Work culture has also changed profoundly. Today a professional is supposed to work for at least 12 hrs. a day. Today, and more so in the f... Free Essays on Future Of Aviation In India Free Essays on Future Of Aviation In India Future of Aviation Industry in India More than half a century has gone, when JRD Tata first took off in his own airplane. He added a new chapter in the Indian history. This was the beginning of aviation industry in India. But very soon the government took over his aviation company, and thus that nationalized company was named, Indian Airlines. Almost the next fifty years no competition was to follow for the Indian Airlines, as it remained the only airline company in India. But in the last decade and a half or so, things changed. A handful of airline companies came into existence, some backed by big business houses, and some being collaboration between international airline giants and local business houses. Some of these companies were not a success story and had to shut down operations. Besides this limited competition the growth of this industry has been more or less a linear one. After 1992, Indian Economy has witnessed a sea change. The first success story being IT industry, then the more recent one being Telecom industry. Then the crossover of Indian companies to international standards, and making their presence felt at the international level. But probably the most dramatic and visible change is yet to come. Aviation industry is going to witness an exponential growth in next five to ten years. It is heading towards north, and will keep doing so for a long time to come. India today is the most happening place, in terms of foreign investment. All big companies want to have their presence in India. More than half of the Fortune 500 companies have their offices in Bangalore city, which speaks for itself. With the pouring of all these big MNCs, and crossover of Indian companies to international standards, to find a person earning more than Rs. 50,000/- a month is not a big deal anymore. Work culture has also changed profoundly. Today a professional is supposed to work for at least 12 hrs. a day. Today, and more so in the f...

Domino's Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Domino's - Assignment Example This provides a representative data on her market share trends. In its behavioral paradigm, Domino is able to meet the demands of its marketing by basically employing online services. This has proved instrumental since a wide variety of people are reached. It also ensures populous numbers are informed on the same in a span of a very short duration. Domino has an international presence as one of the strategies to reduce the debts that are tied to the company. This debt is to the tune of $ 1.5 Billion, whereas her financial standing as regards her assets is only estimated at $ 450 million. The market share in favor of Domino is based on the price sensation amongst Pizza consumers. Those that need a quick cheap Pizza will be favored by Domino’s Pizza. This makes them focused simply to delivery contrary to services offered in restaurants. However, for a long time, poor taste has been a derailment of her trade. To address this, two strategies have been deployed, that is, using trial periods as a tool to maintain the customers after presenting them with a better alternative. The other strategy is the projection of her future growth and implement the means to do so. This can be achieved by maintaining loyalty as well as expanding her presence in China, where her current standing is at 5-times-customer-orders per year against a 17-times-customer-order per year by Quick-Service Pizza. The market share for Domino in totality stands at 18.4 % in the United States which is a leading franchise globally. In China, Domino’s standing percentage against Pizza Hut’s is 3.7 % which is quite

Check the attachment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Check the attachment - Assignment Example The aim of this paper is to analyze colour combination or application techniques based on three images (Foo Fighters Wasting Light Album cover, SMH Fletcher Jones advertisement and Interior). Considering the given images, several techniques of colour combination or scheme are evident. The first picture (Foo Fighters) indicates an extensive use of analogous-complementary colour scheme. This combination technique combines colours that are primarily comparable in hue by adding a small fraction of contrasting colour (Feisner, 2000). In the said image â€Å"Foo Fighters†, colours that are primarily comparable in hue are red-purple-green. These complementary colours contrast and due to their full saturation on the image, they create a vibrant look (Nita, 2008). According to Livingstone (2002), this design can be enhanced by initiating a warm brogue color flanking a cool corresponding colour. Alternatively, a cool accent color can be merged with a warm colour. This analogy is evident in the image where the accent colours harmonize the designs (Ryan and Conover, 2004). The second image (SMH Fletcher Jones advertisement) is an example of a monochromatic colour combination technique. This technique is characterized by one single color or varying intensities of a particular color such as taupe and light taupe (Albers, 1963). Compared with other colour combination techniques, the effect of this technique on the given image is extremely quieting. This effect is apparent because of the dark background featured on the image. Despite this evaluation, this technique is considered by many as the easiest (Delamare and Guineau, 2000). However, for advertising purposes this technique is not recommended because it hardly catches the attention of people. It can find meaningful application in movie theatres. The third picture (Interior) is characterized by use of hue-similarity combination technique. In this image, the

Macbeth Servant Diary Entries Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Servant Diary Entries Essay Dear diary, as I am a servant in Thane Macbeths castle I have noticed a sudden change in his behaviour. I have always thought of Macbeth as a courageous, honest loyal man, however I have witnessed many events that have forced me to think otherwise. When Macbeth returned from battle, he was greeted by Lady Macbeth in the Castle. I was cleaning the floors in the room next door to ensure that everything was presentable for the arrival of King Duncan. Lady Macbeth seemed very excited to see him and Macbeth looked just as happy. They seemed to be having a pleasant short conservation. Nevertheless, whilst I was going out to fetch some clean water I overheard Lady Macbeth say something very strange to Macbeth. She said Your hand, your tongue: look like the innocent flower but be the serpent undert. I replayed this over and over in my head yet I could not understand what it could have meant. Macbeth had always been loyal and truthful. What actions were he going to take that were so evil that they would reveal the serpent inside him? All these questions remained unanswered, well not for long anyway Dear diary, I went to the courtyard of the castle with Macbeth. There we met Banquo and Fleance. Banquo was feeling rather uneasy about going to sleep because he was fearing that he will dream of three, weird sisters. Macbeth persuaded Banquo to talk about the things he was seeing in his dreams with him sometime. After they had finished talking, everyone left leaving Macbeth alone in the courtyard. I decided to observe his actions therefore I hid in the shadow. Macbeth started talking to himself about how he can see a dagger before him. He seemed really confused about whether or not the dagger was really there or if it was just a vision in his mind. What was he going on about? I was standing right there as well and I could see everything in his view. There was nothing there; not a dagger in sight! What I could not understand was why he as acting so crazy all of a sudden? Normal people do not imagine seeing daggers before their eyes. Perhaps the fact that the object was a dagger may be related to something that was on his mind. I can just tell from the abnormalities in Macbeths behaviour that something is going on which is going to lead to tragedy. Dear diary, King Duncan has been murdered! I was startled to hear the ringing of the alarm bell this morning. I ran out of my bed and heard Macduff announce the murder. I could not believe it happened, right under our very noses. Through all the hustle bustle, I kept a close eye on Macbeth who had reacted very strangely in the situation. I would have expected him to be in deep grief as he had a great relationship with King Duncan and they were thought of as good friends. Instead he killed the servants that had supposedly murdered King Duncan and claimed he acted out of great fury and without thinking. Personally, I dont think that the servants killed King Duncan as they had no motive whatsoever. Macbeth has become a changed man and he should be watched in everything he does. The thruth will always come out and whoever murdered King Duncan will pay the price for doing so.

Starbucks Coffee Shop Essay -- Starbucks Coffee Business Essays

Starbucks Coffee Shop When you walk in a Starbucks coffee shop the amazing aroma of coffee beans being brewed creates a smell so wonderful you can almost taste your favorite coffee or espresso drink; even before you have the drink in your hand. The sound of steaming milk and blenders full of Frapachinoes echoes through the air. Five people in green aprons wearing black or white collared shirts working swiftly, to ensure the quickest best service as possible. The two Baristas at the cash registers would call out the drinks to the two people at the bar. One employee doing odd jobs call expediting. A tall, slender dark haired man wearing a black suit possibly Armoni or Gucci, carrying a briefcase approaches register one. A trendy mom with a 5 year old wearing black capri pants, white blouse, and designer sunglasses orders Grande, non-fat, extra hot, one equal late at register two. The floor is so clean you could even eat off of it. The jazzy interior screams to be that of an Italian cafà ©. This appeared to be an ideal environment to sit and enjoy your beverage and possibly a pastr...

Midterm Reflection: Health Literacy Essay

When listening or reading to the news, it is hard to avoid a topic on the health care crisis. It seems that everyone has an opinion on what needs to be fixed, but there is one underlying factor in the system that could be a key player in the delivery of health care for the future. Health literacy has become an issue that is affecting every part of the system, and could be a path leading to improvements in the system (Nutbeam, 2000). After watching the health literacy video exposing various Americans with low health literacy, I was completely shocked. I had heard of health literacy before, but seeing this video was really eye-opening as to the extent that people cannot communicate with health care providers. I knew right away that this was a topic that I wanted to explore. When learning about health literacy, I found it important to note the similarities and differences in health literacy and literacy. Literacy can be defined as one’s ability to read, write, or understand written and spoken language in his or her native language. Health literacy is different to literacy, as it is one’s ability to understand the terms of health and apply that knowledge within the scope of health care (Mayer and Villaire, 2007). However, literacy plays an undeniable role in health literacy, in that those that are illiterate will have an even harder time when trying to understand health terms. While watching the movie about health literacy in class, I could not help but be disturbed when watching adults that had the literacy levels of middle school children (Kalmbach, 2003). It made me wonder how many people are illiterate in the country, and how this is playing a role in health care. The National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) offers extensive information on past studies done on adults for literacy. A study conducted in 2003 showed that thirty million adults (about fourteen percent) had literacy levels below basic, which includes simple, minimal skills. In addition, sixty-three million, or twenty-nine percent of adults, had a literacy level of â€Å"basic,† which means that simple, everyday skills are met, but nothing beyond that. Knowing this, it is clear that there is a problem in America with literacy in adults. With adults that cannot meet even intermediate literacy skills, that means that over 100 million adults are health illiterate because people that are illiterate tend to also be health illiterate (â€Å"National Assessment,† 2003). Some of these adults may have health care plans, and their lack of literacy may be preventing them from understanding those plans and understanding the services with which they are provided through those plans. Because there is correlation with literacy and socio-economic class, I believe that there needs to be more emphasis put on educating those that have not been properly educated (Mayer and Villaire, 2007). Healthy People 2020 has a great system for approaching this goal in terms of health literacy, but more promotion of this movement is critical (â€Å"Educational and Community-Based,† 2011). In the movie, Mr. Brown reads at the fourth-grade level. Due to this low literacy level, he says that he does not like going to the doctor because of the amount of paperwork he needs to fill out. Even being someone that can read at a proficient level, I can agree with Mr. Brown that filling out paperwork at a doctor’s office can be stressful. There are many abbreviations and words that relate to health care that I simply do not know. However, because of my literacy level, I am able to overcome some of these problems and figure out what the form is asking. It concerns me that people of a low literacy level such as Mr. Brown’s would not be able to do this problem-solving successfully (Kalmbach, 2003). There is no doubt that this can lead to medical miscommunications between the patient and the doctor in regards to billing, medical background information, and future diagnoses and prescriptions. These miscommunications can be costly for insurers, those paying out-of-pocket, and the physicians (Mayer and Villaire, 2007). As a college student, I still have much to learn about living independently without the help of my parents. After learning about health literacy, I feel that I need to educate myself and become more health literate. Because I am a biology major, and I am interested in science, I do try to communicate well and fully understand what my doctor is telling me, but I do not always ask all of the questions needed to improve my health literacy. For example, when I am prescribed a medication, I normally take it without knowing why I am taking that specific dosage, what it will do for me, what side-effects it may cause, etc. Those are questions that I, and others that go to a physician, should be asking. College students are in the years where they prepare for living on our own. Part of that preparation should be becoming more health literate in order to make the best decisions regarding health care options in the present and future. In a study of college students, 21. 7% of the students could not appropriately take a medication four times throughout one day, and 41. 4% would not figure out financing for primary care when taking family size and income into consideration. Since these are issues that may be in the near future for college students, this implies that something needs to be done to better educate students. Melinda Ickes and Randall Cottrell (2010) say that a possible solution to improving health literacy would be to offer consumer health courses. I believe that this could be an option, but there needs to be a great incentive, or it must be mandatory for students to take these courses; with the combination of a busy course load and students simply not knowing their health literacy levels, many students may not enroll. One growing issue with health literacy that I find extremely interesting is the effect that the Internet has played in health care over the past couple decades (Ickes and Cottrell, 2010). As more information about health care is available on the Internet, many people find it more convenient to self-diagnose themselves instead of making the trip to the doctor. I know that when I have a health problem, one of the first things that I do is look it up on a website such as WebMD. While some people, like myself, know that this is not sufficient information, others that are not as health literate may not understand that the most reliable source is a face-to-face interaction with a physician. When a doctor visit becomes necessary, doctors may then have the task of re-teaching the medical information if a person relied heavily on the wrong information from the Internet. This is not just a problem locally or nationally. The Internet is worldwide, so this problem of becoming Internet-dependent for health care may be affecting global health literacy and therefore the quality of global health care. Though those that do not have access to health insurance and cannot see a physician may find this to be easy access at the fingertips, proper health literacy is needed to interpret the information in a way that is safe (Lancellotti-Young and Suk, n. d. ). Because I want to be a genetic counselor, health literacy will definitely play a major role in my future practice. Genetic counselors are responsible for doing genetic tests, interpreting those tests, and communicating results with patients effectively. Having a good understanding of the health literacy of my patients will be critical when advising them to make safe decisions for their health and the health of their future children. Especially in regard to sex education and prevention, health literacy is a problem that needs to be addressed in a major way. With more understanding of the benefits and results of genetic testing and prenatal care, patients may be able to make adjustments related to health and financing health care (â€Å"Health Literacy,† 2010). In my practice, I would highly value health literacy and make an effort to incorporate health literacy education into my practice as much as possible. Health literacy is a growing topic in health care, as it should be. Someone that can effectively communicate with a physician well may be saving time and money for themselves, the physician, and the insurance provider. However, many adults that are responsible for their own health care are not health-literate on a proficient level. While current news has put emphasis on many aspects of health care such as financing and access, health literacy should be emphasized more, especially because it could potentially benefit those financing and access issues (Nutbeam 2000). Watching the health literacy video gave me a perspective on health care that I did not have before. Not only did I begin to learn of this issue on a national level, but I realized that I need to educate myself so that I can become more health literate to be a better contributor to the health care system. Health literacy follows each person that interacts with the health care system, whether he or she is a receiver or provider of that care. Resources Educational and Community-Based Programs. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. healthypeople. gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview. aspx? topicid=11 Health Literacy. (2010). Genetic Counseling Cultural Competence Toolkit. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from http://www. geneticcounselingtoolkit. com/cases/resources_referral/rrf7. htm Ickes, M. J. , & Cottrell, R. (2010). Health literacy in college students. Journal of American College Health, 58(5), 491-498. Kalmbach, Lewis (Producer). (2003). Health Literacy Video [Motion Picture]. United States: Kalmbach Advertising. Lancellotti-Young, C. , & Suk, D. (n. d. ). Online access to health information: The Internet’s impact on the patient-physician relationship. Internet and Social Change. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from.

Jet Study Case Study Essay

1. What types of information systems and business functions are described in this case? Information systems: JetBlue’s reservation system used for tracking baggage and scheduling is an example of a Transaction Processing System (TPS) – a computerized system that performs and records the daily routing transactions necessary to conduct business. JetBlue’s system for managing planes and crews is an example of a Management Information System (MIS). The system served middle management with information obtained from its TPS that was essential in making the right decision when managing planes and crews. Business functions: JetBlue’s communication, reservation and computer systems were described in this case. They represent Sales and IT business functions. 2. What is JetBlue’s business model? JetBlue business model was saving money both from streamlined information systems and lean staffing, while offering top-notch customer service at budget prices. The airline featured new Airbus A320 planes with leather sears, each equipped with a personal TV screen, and averaging one way fares of only $99 per passenger. JetBlue was able to offer low fares by using information systems to automate key processes such as ticket sales by mostly selling them online and baggage handling, by introducing electronic tags to help track luggage. Both initiatives eliminated paper, increased efficiency and lowered costs. Initially, JetBlue flew only one type of aircraft: the Airbus 320. This approach enabled the airline to standardize flight operations and maintenance procedures. Both measures resulted in significant savings. How do its information systems support the business model? JetBlue used a single vendor, Microsoft, to design JetBlue’s extensive network of information systems. Using a single vendor provided a technology framework where JetBlue could keep a small staff and favor in-house development of systems over outsourcing or relying on consultants, allowing the company to keep its costs low. 3. What was the problem experienced by JetBlue in this case? JetBlue’s senior management made an incorrect decision to maintain its schedule during an ice storm. Nine airplanes were stranded on the tarmac for anywhere  between six and ten hours. JetBlue waited too long to solicit help for the stranded passengers because the airline figured the planes would take off eventually. Meanwhile, the weather conditions and the delays and cancellation of other flights caused customers to flood JetBlue’s reservation system, which could not handle that much traffic. At the same time, many of the airline’s pilots and flight crews were also stranded and unable to get to locations where they could replace crews that had just worked their maximum hours without rest, but did not actually go anywhere. What management, organization, and technology factors were responsible for the problem? Management factors: JetBlue did not have a Decision Support System that would support nonrou tine decision making and focus on unique and changing problems by using information from TPS, MIS and other external sources. Such a system would allow JetBlue’s management to make a better informed decision whether or not they should maintain their schedule during an ice storm or cancel all flights. Organizational factors: JetBlue lacked an Enterprise Resource Planning System that would help significantly to help locate missing baggage and quickly locate airline’s pilots and flight crews. Technology factors: JetBlue’s transaction processing system and lean staffing were responsible for the problem. Under normal circumstances, the lean staff was sufficient to handle all operations and the computer systems functioned well below their capacity. However, during a radical increase in activity, tasks such as rebooking passengers, handling baggage and locating crew members became impossible. 4. Based on what you’ve learned in this chapter, what kinds of systems and business functions were involved in JetBlue’s problem? It seems the company did not plan for something like that to ever happen. All systems and business functions focused on performing day-to-day activities. JetBlue did not have any enterprise applications that are designed to coordinate multiple functions and business processes. Enterprise systems integrate the key internal business processes of a firm into a single software system to improve coordination, efficiency, and decision making. It would allow their SkySolver and Sabre systems to communication more effectively and efficiently. During the crisis, some flight attendants were unable to get in touch with anyone who could tell them what do for three days. The system  would help locating the flight crews and off-duty crews and direct them to the correct destination. The transaction processing systems (TPS) used by JetBlue was not designed to handle a significant increase in activity. The principle purpose of TPS is to answer routing questions and to track the flow of transactions through the organization. Due to an increased number of phone calls, the system was not able to perform those functions. It also looks like JetBlue did not have a decision-support system (DSS) in place to support nonroutine decision making. Since DSS focuses on problems that are unique and rapidly changing, it could have helped the company deal with the crisis more efficiently and effectively. Since a well designed ESS system would expose the fragility of the infrastructure, it can be assumed that company’s executive support systems (ESS) was either non-existing or did not function as intended. There was also no Customer Relationship Management System. A well designed Customer Relationship Management System would allow JetBlue better communication with its customers. During the crisis when so many flights were cancelled, the process of rebooking and looking for baggage became unma nageable. 5. Evaluation JetBlue’s response to the crisis. What solutions did the airline come up with? Throughout the debacle, JetBlue’s CEO David G. Neelman was very visible and forthcoming with accountability and apologies. On the technology front, JetBlue deployed new software that would send recorded message to pilots and flight attendants to inquire about their availability. Once the call is returned, it would be entered into a system that stores the date for access and analysis. From a staffing point standpoint, the airline promised to create backups from the airline corporate office for the departments that were stretched too thin by the effects of the storm. JetBlue also created a customer bill of rights to enforce standards for customer treatment and airline behavior. The company changed its operational philosophy to make more accommodation for inclement weather. How were these solutions implemented? The new software was implemented by JetBlue. 100 employees from the Corporate Office were trained to serve as backups. Customer Bill of Rights enforced standards for customer treatment and airline behavior. JetBlue set the  maximum time for holding passengers on a delayed plane to five hours. JetBlue would be penalized when it failed to provide proper service and customers who were subjected to poor service would be rewarded. Do you think that JetBlue found the correct solutions and implemented the correctly? I think JetBlue’s took a step in the right direction. It implemented a new software that would search for available pilots faster and trained additional employees to serve as backups. What other solutions can you think of that JetBlue has not tried? I believe there are many solutions that would be beneficial to JetBlue. They are: * Creating an Enterprise Risk Management process in the organization. The process would allow JetBlue to identify possible shortcomings that might happen in the future and allow the company to be more prepared. * If JetBlue lacked expertise within the company to identified areas of concern, it could have brought outside consultants that would be able to pinpoint all of the company’s shortcomings. * The case did not talk about how JetBlue fixed its Open Skies reservations system, its website or its system for tracking lost luggage. All of the abovementioned systems failed during the crisis on February 14, 2007. Solutions such as a more powerful reservation system, an enhanced website that would allow more traffic and a computerized system for recording and tracking lost bags would be beneficial to the company. 6. How well is JetBlue prepared for the future? Are the problems described in this case likely to be repeated? Even though JetBlue made some changes to ensure that another crisis won’t happen, I am not convinced all necessary actions were performed by the company. JetBlue should be more proactive in ensuring that future problems won’t affect its operations – rather than being reactive and fixing problems that came to the surface. Which of JetBlue’s business processed are most vulnerable to breakdowns? The bigger problem for JetBlue is changing its culture and philosophy. It seems that JetBlue is still unwilling to invest significant amounts of money into modern and reliable technology and ensure they have proper staffing – that’s why I feel that IT area is most vulnerable to breakdown first. How much will a customer bill of rights help? The customer bill of rights was designed for the protection of the customer,  not the airline. It is there to ensure the airline is responsible for the unfair treatment of the customer. It will help bring some of the customers back, however, it won’t fix JetBlue’s problems to future breakdowns.

Requisitos para sacar una visa americana no inmigrante

Requisitos para sacar una visa americana no inmigrante Los requisitos para la visa americana son variados, pero dos son fundamentales. Probar que no se tiene la intencià ³n de quedarse en EEUU y tener medios econà ³micos suficientes. Este artà ­culo aplica a las llamadas visas de no inmigrante, como la de turista o paseo (placer), la de estudiante y las de trabajo temporal. Requisitos para la visa Americana Dos requisitos destacan sobre todos los dems: en primer lugar, es necesario probar que la persona que solicita una visa no tiene intencià ³n de quedarse a vivir en Estados Unidos o ms tiempo del permitido por el visado. Para ello hay que demostrar que se tienen fuertes lazos familiares o de trabajo o de estudios en el paà ­s de uno. Es decir, se tiene esposa o marido e hijos, o un buen empleo o se est estudiando. En segundo lugar, es necesario probar que el extranjero que solicita la visa, si viaja a Estados Unidos, no se va a convertir en una carga econà ³mica pà ºblica. Para ello, lo mejor es demostrar que se tienen medios econà ³micos suficientes para pagar por el viaje, la estancia e imprevistos que puedan surgir, como un accidente o enfermedad. En pocas palabras, hay que convencer al oficial consular de que se va a viajar a Estados Unidos, salir a tiempo, no violar ninguna ley migratoria, como por ejemplo se tiene intencià ³n de buscar empleo cuando se solicita una visa de turista, y que durante la estancia no se va convertir en una carga pà ºblica. Estas son 20 causas por las que se niegan las visas. Cà ³mo se prueba que se cumplen con los requisitos fundamentales para sacar la visa Bsicamente, el cumplimiento de los requisitos para la visa se demuestra con documentacià ³n. Sin embargo, es fundamental entender que el oficial consular no est obligado a verificar y ni siquiera mirar el conjunto de papeles que se le presentan. Adems, el cà ³nsul puede tener acceso a datos que el solicitante de la visa no sabe. Por ejemplo, en algunos paà ­ses, verifican con los burà ³s por posibles deudas pendientes. Asimismo, los oficiales  consulares son muy conscientes de que en algunos paà ­ses algunos abogados inescrupulosos presentan documentos falsos. Hay que recalcar una y otra vez que si este es el caso y en el consulado descubren el fraude, va a ser prcticamente imposible que la persona que presentà ³ los documentos falsos consiga ahora o en el futuro una visa. Y no importa que diga que no sabà ­a nada, que toda la culpa fue de un abogado. Hay que saber quà © documentos se presentan. Tambià ©n es muy importante la entrevista, ya que la impresià ³n que se causa en el oficial es fundamental para que pueda hacerse una idea de las intenciones que tiene el solicitante de la visa. En la Embajada o Consulado en el que se tramita tienen libertad para interpretar los documentos y la entrevista y decidir si se concede la peticià ³n de visado o, si por el contrario, se deniega. Por ejemplo, es posible que dos personas con los mismos ingresos por nà ³minas reciban distintas contestaciones en el mismo consulado, y que una reciba la visa y otra no. Y es que se tienen en cuenta factores como el tamaà ±o de la familia, và ­nculos de toda clase y la impresià ³n que se causa en la entrevista. Asà ­ que aunque los datos pueden ser similares, lo cierto es que cada solicitante es diferente y la respuesta del consulado tambià ©n lo puede ser. Por à ºltimo, es cierto que la carta de invitacià ³n es un elemento importante en el proceso de solicitud de visa. Pero no es necesario. Y por supuesto que tener una no equivale a que el visado se obtenga. Lo importante no es la situacià ³n familiar ni los ingresos ni la intencià ³n de la persona que invita a otra a visitarle. Lo fundamental, y esto hay que entenderlo muy bien, es la situacià ³n del que solicita la visa. Se puede tener una carta de invitacià ³n perfecta, incluso de un ciudadano americano con ingresos econà ³micos fuertes. Pero si el consulado sospecha que el solicitante tiene la intencià ³n de quedarse a vivir en Estados Unidos, no se va a conceder la peticià ³n. Otros requisitos a tener en cuenta Adems de los ya mencionados, conviene saber lo siguiente, ya que ignorarlo puede tener como consecuencia que no se obtiene el visado: Seguir los pasos para solicitarlaPedir la visa adecuada. Por ejemplo, si se va a estudiar, no se va como turista. O si la intencià ³n es contraer matrimonio, mucho ojo con casarse con visa de turista.Ciertos delitos  impiden que se puedan conceder visas. Si el cà ³nsul se entera de un delito despuà ©s de haber dado la visa, puede llamar a su titular al consulado para anularla o incluso puede hacerlo sin notificacià ³n alguna. Basta con incluir los datos de la persona en el sistema de computacià ³n de visas estadounidense y queda cancelada.La violacià ³n de las leyes migratorias tambià ©n pueden tener consecuencias negativas. Si se ha tenido una visa previamente y se ha permanecido en Estados Unidos ms tiempo del debido, la vida puede cancelarse o revocarse inmediatamente y ser difà ­cil conseguir una nueva. Adems, hay que saber que la presencia ilegal previa hace que por un nà ºmero de aà ±os, que van de tres a diez, no se pueda regresar a EEUU. Quà © hacer si no se obtiene la visa Lo primero es que hay que tener claro es la causa. Si es que no se ha probado lazos suficientes hay ciertas reglas que conviene tener en cuenta a la hora de volver a solicitar la visa y asà ­ evitar pagar una cuota y obtener un no cada vez que se va a la entrevista. Si la causa es otra distinta, como por ejemplo, una violacià ³n migratoria anterior o incluso un delito, lo ms sensato es hablar con un abogado de inmigracià ³n y valorar la posibilidad de solicitar con à ©xito una waiver (tambià ©n conocida como perdà ³n). Consejos para mantener la visa sin problemas Estos consejos prcticos son relevantes para conservar el visado, si es que se obtiene. No sobrepasar tiempo permitido. Para saber hasta cundo se puede permanecer en EEUU, ver la fecha en el I-94, no la de expiracià ³n de la visa. Saber que permanecer ms tiempo puede dar lugar a la revocacià ³n automtica del visado. Si se est en EEUU y se quiere extender la estadà ­a, hacerlo a tiempo. En ciertos casos, adems, ser posible cambiar una visa por otro, como la de turista por la de estudiante. Reportar adecuadamente y de forma inmediata el extravà ­o o robo de un pasaporte que contiene una visa. Renovar el visado antes de que expire o en los meses siguientes a su expiracià ³n. Informacià ³n que quiz te interese Antes de comenzar los trmites para sacar la visa es aconsejable informarse sobre el tiempo  de demora  que toma su tramitacià ³n asà ­ como quà © se puede hacer si se necesita una visa  de emergencia a Estados Unidos. Tambià ©n es importante saber cul es la cuota  o arancel de los visados, teniendo en cuenta que no se recupera el dinero en los casos en que la visa es denegada. Finalmente, se aconseja tomar este test sobre la visa de turista. Despeja dudas e inquietudes importantes y brinda conocimientos relevantes para ayudar a sacar la visa y a conservarla. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Breaking Style

Breaking Style Breaking Style Breaking Style By Mark Nichol DailyWritingTips.com readers frequently email a message or write a comment in which they disagree with me (usually but not always respectfully) about something I’ve written. Occasionally, a reader has misunderstood me. Now and then, I’ve been unclear or I’ve made a mistake. Sometimes, the issue is of a difference between the recommendations of one style guide and another. Regardless, sometimes readers tell me that they are going to do something their way regardless of the â€Å"rules.† Writing (and editing) is both an art and a science, and the guidelines about producing prose are somewhat amorphous, for various reasons. As I mentioned, there’s more than one kind of style: Some writing and editing guides call for serial commas (a, b, and c), for example, while others recommend omitting serial commas (a, b and c) unless they’re necessary for clarity. There’s also a degree of flexibility: Introductory phrases should generally be separated from the main clause of the sentence by a comma (for example, as in â€Å"When the council met again the next day, the mood was somber†), but short phrases are sometimes given a pass (for example, as in â€Å"In effect it acts like a catalyst†). In some cases, the flexibility is a matter of formality: Contractions (such as can’t in place of cannot) are rare in academic prose but ubiquitous in colloquial writing, for example, and both extremes are intrinsically valid. But one thing I always emphasize when readers disagree with my advice is this: If you are writing for your own pleasure, or if you self-publish (whether in print or online), you are the final authority and may choose which rules to follow and which to flout (though consider that, if you actually want other people to read what you write, with great power comes great responsibility). But if you intend for your writing to be mediated if you are submitting it for publication on a website, in a periodical, or in a book you are generally expected to abide with a set of guidelines about grammar, syntax, usage, punctuation, and other issues of style. Exceptions exist, of course and they’re called style breaks, because they break with the standards for style. For example, one book I copyedited was a second edition of a guide to herbs. The author had (erroneously, according to prevailing style) capitalized all the plant names and made other editorial decisions that I thought diminished the book’s authoritativeness, so I lowercased the names and made other style changes. When I received a complimentary copy of the published new edition from the publisher, I noticed that the plant names were capitalized, as before. Apparently, the author had felt strongly about retaining the capitalization and had asked that it be restored (or had done so himself while reviewing the edited manuscript). I should have queried the publisher’s project editor before making such a comprehensive editorial decision, but I am glad that the author did not name me on the acknowledgments page. The decision about whether to allow such profligate capitalization is for the publisher to make, but although most readers may not notice or are unlikely to realize or care that lowercase style is the norm for such usage it looks amateurish, especially when hundreds of references to dozens of herbs appear throughout the book. More recently, an editor for a company that publishes commemorative books for professional sports teams told me to honor a style break for references to sports scores when I edit manuscripts. Normally, a score is set off from the rest of the sentence, as in â€Å"The 49ers beat the Raiders, 28–21, before a sellout crowd,† but I was asked to preserve the omission of commas in such constructions. This type of change is innocuous and nearly invisible, and it happens often. The copy editor simply notes the deviation from the norm on a style sheet, a record of variations in spelling, punctuation, and the like, and other editors involved in the project note and preserve the style break. Feel free to break style in self-published writing or to request that deviations from style be honored when you submit content for publication. But in either case, have a good reason for doing so, or be prepared to accept with good grace a denial of your request. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. Programme55 Boxing Idioms"To Tide You Over"

Critical assesment of geochemistry and geophysics Essay

Critical assesment of geochemistry and geophysics - Essay Example It is mostly the remnants that have been buried by layers soil and rocks that have higher chances of being preserved. This is because the exposed cultural remnants may be displaced by anthropogenic or environmental factors (Blofeld J. 2004 p.71). The buried remains are usually covered with sediments accretion from water and wind erosion or natural processes such as earthquakes, mud flows and earth quakes. Some old structures may also be buried when new ones are built on top of them. The buried remains are effectively explored through geophysical and geochemical prospecting. These methods are efficient in detecting the invisible characteristics of the remains. The devices used in are significant in distinguishing between relics, which is significant in tracing human remains. The two techniques were developed in a bid to increase professionalism in archeology. The use of geophysics is an effective way of detecting deviations in the magnetic field of the earth through the use of magnetometers. These magnetic fields emanate from artifacts of iron metal as well as structures that were made of stone. Together with these techniques, devices that measure electrical resistance of the soil are also used (Bose R. N. 2005 pp.56-57). Geophysical and geochemical prospecting are two major techniques that have been widely employed. The two techniques are significant in the identification of human activities that exist as remains buried under the earth surface. The characteristics of the remains are analyzed by an expert who establishes whether they represent human activities or natural factors. The archeological site of Apamee was investigated with the use of the two techniques. They have enhanced the understanding of this archeological site. In the United Kingdom, the two techniques have been applied in many archeological surveys (Braithwaite, R. 2001 pp. 121-123). Fluxgate gradiometers are the most commonly used for surveying due to the fact that they are affordable for

What is the true nature of war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What is the true nature of war - Essay Example In the words of Leo Tolstoy "In all history there is no war, which was not hatched by the governments, the governments alone, independent of the interests of the people, to whom war is always pernicious even when successful". Dictionary meaning of war encompasses "werra" which means confusion. War certainly generates confusion leading to the emergence of various social, economical, physical or mental issues that otherwise prove to bring disaster. It is an open conflict that two sides witness in approved format (McLaughlin). History witnesses that war is not new but it is an ancient episode which has taken a different arms and forms over the years. It was never a simple confrontation between people but it encompasses slaughtering and mutilation of those who were not the creator of war but naive onlookers. What is heroic about war and their heroes stumbling upon to magnificent deaths? The truth is not about glory but war is a conflict that brings about blood and gore. The motives of th e war could vary but the result is blood and grievances for the sufferers may it be the civil war of Libya or it is death of Osama bin Laden, the truth of war is that it has prevaricated human beings (McLaughlin).With the advent of new technologies war has taken advanced form, from simple arms to nuclear missiles and every war must end in a victory that has become the motive of the warriors as the opponent seem to be the most barbaric creatures of the planet. Thus, war gives an implication that humans are the enemies of humane. Victorious army rejoices or rather disgraces enemies to their utmost limits although there is a great economic loss to both the parties whether they lose or conquer, mental trauma to the sufferers, emotional loss or permanent disability, war has never generated happiness in people's mind except for a few instance where people got a saga of relief from the trauma or terror of the terrorism like the one that was done recently against Osama bin Laden by the US N avy SEALs. The value of war could never be estimated nor its implications be wiped off as there is no single funding agency that can relieve the sufferer from the emotional trauma. Still war occur to inflict obedience, enforce collaborations, set a quality on resilience and bravery. Promote as well as cultivate and endorse nationalism, ruined feeble and weak individuals, break up the misapprehension of primordial egalitarianism and stratified civilization or culture (The Social Value of War). In this manner war may display an evolution but promotion of slavery must be deserted. Ancient wars might have provided nations with strength and might but in today's scenario it interrupts cultural norms. Ancient era annihilated inferior people but the present era witnesses discriminating demolition of the paramount human reserves as they are aimed to prove supremacy over the other (The Social Value of War). The common man has to pay the value of the war in terms of biological, chemical as wel l as nuclear weapons. War is not so easy in present era as was in ancient times where there was only armed worriers now there are many unseen weapons which are capable of eradicating the survival of life on the planet. It is therefore war should never be glorified but it should be counted as the legal and authorized devastation that does not possess any ethical as well as social reforms rather it is a predicament that should never be encouraged (The Social Value of War). The economic loss that both the opponents suffer cannot be replenished. In the present scenario it is imperative to save all the energy for fighting against natural calamities rather than wasting upon provide evidence of "might" by means of war. According to William James, the classic problem of politics encompass: "How to sustain political unity and civic virtue in the absence of war or a credible threat". There could be only two solutions to this issue encompassing, either war or threat to procure and establish th eir power or "might". The epoch witnessed

Sault Ste. Marie sand and gravel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sault Ste. Marie sand and gravel - Essay Example These exposed rocks pose a challenge to the government in terms of using road as a means of transport. Preference is made on alternatives, which are viewed to be cheaper in transportation of other products. It is believed that the whole of Ontario was once covered by glacial. Glaciation resulted to the emergence of several lakes known as glacial lakes in the region. The lakes are found in the north of Ontario as well as the southern and western boundaries. Sand was left in the middle region with rivers such as the Grand River flowing to the formed lakes. Glaciation leads to the exposure of rocks in the southern region of Ontario which are scattered. Oak ridge moraine is an example of conspicuous events in glaciated areas exposed by the height of land that lies between the Georgian Bay and Lake Ontario. Horse shoe moraines are evident in the Bruce peninsula to the southeast where escarpments extend towards Lake Erie. Deposits and drumlins are also found in the Petersburg region. Further, there is a glacial lake and rain forest region to the south, which is located to the south west of Lake Superior. The forest region is reasonably fertile due to the deposition of the glacial masses. The geographical landscape of the southern region does not favor the construction of roads due to the rugged terrain together with extended water bodies. For this reason, the use of tracks to transport sand to the southern region may not be possible as it would be uneconomical considering the cost of transport and construction of roads. Political issues also play part in the impossibility of transporting sand and gravel to the south. Issues of land ownership and establishment of parks in appreciation of wilderness has caused laxity in constructing roads to the south. Local conservation has been the point of focus thereby taking preference at the expense of road construction in the region for commercial purposes. Much emphasis is made on agriculture as a basis of planning

The Differences in Views About Human Nature Essay Example for Free

The Differences in Views About Human Nature Essay He believes that â€Å"Individual effort was needed to cultivate oneself, but one’s natural tendencies were good to begin with. In this way, Mencius has integrated elements of Taoism into his theory. Basically, people are born well with good intentions, but they must work to maintain their good nature. Mencius says, â€Å"Every person has a heart-mind which feels for others† . He applies this to a famous example – if one witnessed a child falling into a well, it is not possible to not feel anything. Every person has the heart-mind that would be shocked and sympathetic, which may become the motivation to act and save the child. It would not be for the sake on being on good terms with the child’s parents, or be praised by the neighbors . However, if one listens to their senses of desire, â€Å"I don’t want to be involved† or â€Å"If I try to save the child, I might injure myself in the process†, then they would stop themselves from helping. It is important to point out that Mencius did not mention anything about how ones responding â€Å"act†, and that it is having the â€Å"feeling† that counts. On the other hand, Xunzi believed that human nature is bad. Nobody is born with principles accustomed in their nature. For that reason, people must be educated and cultivated in ethics to become good. Human nature is evil, and goodness is caused by intentional activity. â€Å"A person is born with feelings of envy and hate. If he gives way to them, they will lead him to violence and crime, and any sense of loyalty and good faith will be abandoned. † However, he also believed that, although human nature is bad, people still have the capacity to becoming good. For example, a great leader like Martin Luther King was born no differently from Adolf Hitler. They both inherited the same nature at birth. Applying Xunzi’s theory, the differences would be that one practiced benevolence and righteousness, as well as followed the proper rules and standards, and one (Hitler) obviously did not. This also suggests that these elements are principles that have to be known first before being put into practice. It is about the environment that one is brought up with that influences the way one acts. If you do not know a man, look at his friends; if you do not know a ruler, look at his attendants. Environment is the important thing! Environment is the important thing! As for the basis for ruling a country, I would personally choose Mencius’s assertion of human nature is good. For example, if the leader of America thought about Iraq in Xunzi’s perspective, that human nature is bad, they would be on guard and suspicious of the motives of the Iraqi people. This leads to the feeling of unease and both sides are tensed. The inability to trust will result to both countries expecting the worst, and therefore making the situation more aggravated and war will be more likely to break out. While, by thinking in Mencius’s perspective, America would only assume the good in Iraqi people, and that there can be a solution made through a mutual understanding through trust, decency and self-actualization. No more nuclear weapons will be produced and less conflicts will happen, which leads to less innocent people dying. It is better to assume that people are born good, so it is easier to feel security and trust each other. 100% Mencius for everyone is the perfect recipe to WORLD PEACE. That’s right.

Jewish Women: Keeping the Faith :: Essays Papers

Jewish Women: Keeping the Faith Jewish women in Tucson and Nogales played an enormous role in keeping the Jewish community intact in these areas. Women in these communities did this through their involvement in the religious institutions, including synagogues and other places of worship. The pioneer Jewish women and the Jewish women of today in the southwest had and still have dominant roles in keeping their religion alive in Arizona. To understand the breadth of women’s involvement in the development and maintenance of the religious structure in southern Arizona, specifically Tucson and Nogales I talked to a few individuals who discussed their experiences. Esther Capin and Bette Cooper are Jewish women from Nogales who grew up there during the time when Jews were first coming to that area. Theodore (Ted) Bloom’s family has played a significant role in the history of the Jewish community in Tucson. His grandmother, mother, aunt, and now his wife have truly led the way in keeping the Jewish religious tradition alive in Tucson. Finally, Alma Bongarten lives in Tucson and shared with me information about her own role and other women’s roles in the Jewish synagogues. These people together helped me piece together a very clear vision of women’s involvement in the religious aspect of the Jewish community in southern Arizona. Their involvement includes keeping the religion alive without the presence of a temple, building the first synagogue in Arizona, generally being active members of the temples, bringing the lost traditions back, and by being more present in the synagogues as religious leaders and figures. Jewish women in early Tucson and presently in Nogales have kept their religion alive without the presence of a synagogue. When Terese Marx Ferrin, Ted Bloom’s grandmother, first came to Tucson there was no temple or any place of worship for the Jews of the community. Regardless of this setback, the Jewish tradition was still present. Terese took it upon herself to keep the Torah, the religious book of Hebrew laws, in her own home. It was considered a great honor to house this sacred book. Not only did she house the Torah, but Terese would also host services at her house because of the absence of a synagogue in Tucson.

Are Boys in Crisis in Our Schools? Essay

Introduction There are many issues that concerns education that all educators should be aware of. One of those issue happens to be are boys in crisis. This is important for all early childhood educators to know because in their classroom they are going to have a class full of children and almost half of them will be boys. As teachers we should know how to help all of our students to succeed and grow up to be productive members of society. Our job as teachers is to insure that we are teaching the state standards and that the students are meeting those standards in order to move up in their education. John Dewey believed that all children learn differently and that education should not be resolved around curriculum, but it should be revolved around the abilities of the student. In the following pages I will be discussing both sides of the debate on boys’ crisis and my belief on the issue. First there are a couple articles and a book that support that boys are indeed in crisis. In each of these sources, they talk about how times have changed. It used to be known that girls were considered in crisis, but after a drastic change in the ways school are ran boys are now suffering and being place as the ones in crisis. Then there are a few articles that disagree with boys’ crisis. Most of the articles talk about how boys are doing fine and they are only a little behind academically. Also one of the articles talks boys scoring higher than girls in almost every subject. Lastly, I will reveal my beliefs on the issue as well as how I plan to implement my beliefs in my practices as and early childhood educator. The Debate There are many people in the United States whom agree with the statement boys in crisis. One article talk about how boys are getting left behind girls academically. There is a news article that talks about the gender gap and how boys are lagging. Also there is a book that discusses how boys are in crisis not girls. In the article written by Dan Haley, he talks about how girls are scoring higher than bays in almost every subject and some it is more obvious like reading and writing. He discusses how in 1992, there were study that showed that girls were being short changed by the school and how behind they were in math and science. After the media took a hold of the story of girls lagging academically, school started to change. But, instead of just catching up to the boys, they achieved higher than the boys. â€Å"A new gender gap is widening, this time in reading and writing, and boys are on the bottom end. † (Haley, 2009) Haley believes that there should be a movement for the men, just like they had for the girls. Test score showed even more how girls are better academically in many areas such as reading. â€Å"As a public policy issue, this has barely made its way into radar screen of policy makers. † (Haley, 2009) He thinks that the boys’ crisis has to do with not a how boys are being taught, but more about schools not trying to teach the children the way they learn best. â€Å"Unless k-12 leaders get serious about changing the way they teach boys, we’ll all suffer. † (Haley, 2009) Next in the news article written by David Kohn, he talks about how girls are leaving the boys behind academically in school. He starts off talking about how girls use to become nurses and teacher, but nothing high than that. After the equal opportunity laws were passed girls we able to become doctors and principal. Now a days the boys are the ones that need a little more help in school because they are lagging behind. â€Å"Far more boys than girls are found at the very bottom of the academic rank. † (Kohn, 2003) Many states have reported that boys are getting out of school and the girls taking over. It has been proven that â€Å"Girls outperform boys in elementary school, middle school, high school, and college, and graduate school. † (Kohn, 2003) He believes that boys are getting mixed message on what will make them good students and what will make them good men. Kohn talks about how boys are expected to be athletes and don’t get supported for doing well in school. â€Å"Boys are falling further behind girls in reading and writing, and still, there’s no public outcry the way there was for girls, and we wanted to find out why. †(Kohn, 2003) Boys’ crisis will not end unless people stand up for them as they once did for girls. Lastly, in the book written by Christina Hoff Sommers which talks about how the tables have turn from girls in crisis to boys. â€Å"Students who dominate the drop out list, the suspension list, the failure list and other negative indices of non-achievement in school are males at a wide ratio. †(Sommers, 2000) She talks about how boys rather rush through their homework to be able to go outside and play unlike girls who take their time to prefect their work. Boys are suffering in education more than ever because everyone believe that girls were in crisis and teachers started to focus on their needs and stop focusing on the boys needs to succeed. â€Å"Studies showing the existence of a serious educational gender gap adverse to boys began to surface. † (Sommers, 2000) The boys’ crisis also has to deal with boys not having enough contact with their teachers because they â€Å"believe that there is no one they can turn to for help† (Sommers, 2000) Sommers believes that â€Å"we should raise boys like we raise girls. † (Sommers, 2000) That way we can get them out of crisis. However, there are people that disagree with the statement boys in crisis. There are many articles that talk about boys having trouble in school, but it doesn’t mark them in crisis. There are articles that talk about how schools focus more on girl needs than on boys. Also there is a study that says that boys are scoring higher than girls in some areas. Deborah Perkins-Gough wrote an article that discussed why boy are falling behind girls in school. She believed there were many reason and one was, â€Å"today’s classrooms are too structured, ignoring boys’ energetic natures and their need for physical movement. † (Perkins-Gough, 2006) Most schools want the children to sit still and be quite in order to learn. For boys they need to be able to move around. It isn’t easy for them to be in a quite environment and that is why they are always being disciplined. In the last decade it is proven that boys are scoring higher than they did before according to the National Assessment of Educational Progress. They even say that in some areas boys are achieving higher scores then girls, but other areas they are scoring less than girls. In her article she does admit that there is a â€Å"gender gap in education attainment in the areas of grade promotion, high school graduation rates, and college attendance. †(Perkins-Gough, 2006) She talks about how education policymakers should not focus on boy crisis, but rather look at the gaps among students of different races and class. They should also take in concentration that, â€Å"In the past 30 years, the numbers of boys labeled as learning disabled or as having ADHD has â€Å"exploded†; boys now make up two-thirds of students in special education. † (Perkins-Gough, 2006) she believes that policymakers, educators, and parents should not worry about boys being in crisis because they are doing just fine. They need to be more concerned finding more reach on how to help all children learn through their learning styles. The next article discusses that boys and girls are different and that many schools are too girl friendly. In this article it talks about the point of view of Michael Gurian. He â€Å"believes that boys are not being well-served by what he calls our â€Å"girl-friendly† schools. † (It’s a male thing, 2006) 70 to 90 percent of boys are receiving grades that are no higher than D’s and F’s, that boys are 90 percent of the discipline problems and are 80 percent of the high school drops out. They also make up less than half of a college campus. In Gurian believes this has to do with the fact that schools are more girl-friendly. When he says girl friendly he means, â€Å"success in school comes more readily for students who can read and write well-areas in which girls tend to do better than boys. †(It’s a male thing, 2006) Gurian say that boys work better and learn better when they are allowed to move around. The reason they are more likely to be in trouble is because they have to sit still. He also finds single-sex classrooms beneficial because it can focus on a gender based instructions where as other look at the reduction of distraction in the classroom that you have when both boys and girls are in the same class. Gurian’s solutions for boy to be at the same level as girl is to â€Å"address the needs of boys include some physical changes in classrooms, as well as modifications in curriculum and learning materials. † (It’s a male thing, 2006) Many would not agree, but more research is being done to prove that Gurian is right. Boys are not in crisis, but need their learning styles met in order to succeed. Lastly, we have an article written by Muna Husain and Daniel Milliment talking about how boy crisis is a myth. They discuss how they â€Å"step back and assess the validity of â€Å"The boy crisis† in US primary schools by analyzing the gender gap in math and reading. †(Husain, 2009) In figuring out their conclusion that boy crisis is a myth they did a nationwide test on students from kindergarten to third grade. This test let them see if boys have gained or lost ground in the first four years of their academic careers. Even though this test is similar to how other people figure out the racial achievement gap, Husain and Millment did not just focus on the average achievement gap, but they also focused on the differences across the distribution. Conducting their test this way they end with the result that â€Å"boys outperform girls in math across virtually the entire distribution by the end of third grade, and gain ground across the entire distribution over the first 4 years of school. † (Husain, 2009) This proves that the conceptionof boy crisis in the United States is indeed unclear do to the fact boys are better in math. ? Advocacy for one side of the Debate I disagree with the statement boys in crisis for the following reasons, schools are more girl-friendly rather than boy, boys learn in a different way than girls, and depending on how a child is raised can affect how they do academically. It is true that boys are having trouble in school, but that doesn’t quite mean that it is a crisis. That just shows that boys have needs that are different to girls. When it is saying that boys are in crisis, it is actually saying that boys are in an uncertain and painful period of time that must be addressed in a timely matter in order to avoid disaster. In my opinion that does not sound like what boys are in crisis. They do need helped academically and behaviorally, but in each article I read that disagreed with boys in crisis talk about how boys are a little behind or are scoring higher in subject compared to the girls. To me this proves that boys are not in crisis. Ethical standards are always thrown around when policy makers are making new policy. What is the best way to handle certain situations? The ethical standard I believe that would best support my given position of boys’ are not in crisis would be the principal of fairness. I believe that it is unfair for schools to only meet the needs of the girls’ population leaving the boys to having trouble behaviorally. If schools were fair they would try to adapt the way students are taught to fit the needs of both the boys and girls. The UN rights of a child states in article 3 â€Å"The best interests of children must be the primary concern in making decisions that may affect them. †(UNICEF, Factsheet) I believe this support my debate because it is not in the best interest to title boys in crisis. Boys need teachers to teach them in the best way that will help them learn instead of teaching the boys like they teach the girls. Another right that the UN gives children is talked about in article 28 the right to an education. This is because boys are still learning and are benefitting from the education even though girls in some case are doing better academically. People need to realize that education means to acquire knowledge in a school type of setting and both boys and girls are doing so even at different rates. As an early child care provider I will take into consideration that boys and girls are different when it comes to the way they learn. In my classroom I will meet the needs of all my students by having times where it is quite and the students must listen to lectures. Also I will have times where students can talk to each other and move around the room doing hands on activities. This will help all of my students succeed and be on the same page. There are many leadership roles a teacher may find themselves using in their teaching career. In my practices I will be using transformational leadership because I am creating an environment that will help all of my students. Also I want to be able to inspire my students to adapt to learning together that fit everyone learning style and maybe help the students to succeed no matter how they are taught. Using this leadership in my class will help not only the students, but it will help my fellow teachers that might have my students in years to come. Also I will be providing a servant leadership because I will focus on the needs and goals of my students to achieve their potential success and above. These are the best leadership skill to enhance the way my classroom will be run and how it will benefit the students in the long run. This will also help to keep both the boys and girls falling into the category of being in crisis. References Anonymous (2006). It’s a male thing. American Teacher, Vol:90 Issue 4. From http://wilsontxt. hwwilson. com. ezproxy1. lib. asu. edu/pdffull/04575/168yt/dsv. pdf Haley, D. (2004) Leaving our boys behind. The Denver Post. Pg. B-07 From http://www. lexisnexis. com. ezproxy1. lib. asu. edu/hottopics/lnacademic/?. shr=t&csi=144565&sr=HLEAD(Leaving+our+boys+behind)+and+date+is+August,+2004 Husain, M. and Millimet, D. L. (2009). The mythical ‘boy crisis’? Economics of Education Reviewer, vol:28 Issue1 38-48. From http://www. sciencedirect. com. ezproxy1. lib. asu. edu/science? _ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VB9-4S7J5M1-2&_user=56861&_coverDate=02%2F28%2F2009&_rdoc=1& _fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000059542&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=56861&md5=969cbbac9b77650ac70954fdfbd2bfe7&searchtype=a#sec1 Kohn, D. (2003). The gender gap: boys lagging. CBS.